{"id":15326,"date":"2025-01-03T11:31:29","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T10:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/?p=15326"},"modified":"2025-05-21T14:25:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T12:25:55","slug":"novorocni-prani-a-zvyky-v-polske-tradici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/novorocni-prani-a-zvyky-v-polske-tradici\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd rok - p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a zvyky v polsk\u00e9 tradici"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sv\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho roku je jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v kalend\u00e1\u0159i a jeho p\u0159\u00edchod se slav\u00ed s velkou pompou po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. To je ten okam\u017eik, kdy si p\u0159ejeme a bav\u00edme se na silvestrovsk\u00fdch ve\u010d\u00edrc\u00edch. V polsk\u00e9 tradici se v\u0161ak po mnoho let Nov\u00fd rok nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 neslavil a jeho oslava byla spojena s obdob\u00edm V\u00e1noc. Postupem \u010dasu se vyvinuly specifick\u00e9 novoro\u010dn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly a zvyky, kter\u00e9 spojovaly prvky lidov\u00e9 a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 kultury, a pot\u00e9 se k nim p\u0159idaly i modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formy z\u00e1bavy. V na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na minul\u00e9 i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 tradice, kter\u00e9 oslavu Nov\u00e9ho roku doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je Nov\u00fd rok 1. ledna?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ustaven\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho roku na 1. ledna m\u00e1 ko\u0159eny ve starov\u011bku a odkazuje na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f. Na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku byl sv\u00e1tek boha Jana, slaven\u00fd prvn\u00edho dne m\u011bs\u00edce ledna, tedy 1. ledna. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd juli\u00e1nsk\u00fd, byl zaveden jako v\u0161eobecn\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fd v roce 46 p\u0159.n.l. Podle tohoto kalend\u00e1\u0159e slav\u00ed sv\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky je\u0161t\u011b dnes vyznava\u010di v\u00fdchodn\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00ed, tedy pravoslavn\u00ed a \u0159eckokatol\u00edci. V roce 1583 pak pape\u017e \u0158eho\u0159 XII. zavedl nov\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, po n\u011bm pojmenovan\u00fd gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dodnes. V Polsku vstoupil v platnost t\u0159i roky po reform\u011b, ale jako samostatn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek se Nov\u00fd rok objevil a\u017e v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Star\u00e9 novoro\u010dn\u00ed zvyky<\/b><\/h2>\n

Jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili, za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edho roku ji\u017e dlouho nen\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm d\u016fvodem k oslav\u00e1m. Bylo to v\u0161ak sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed a oslavy sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch zvyk\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u00ed novoro\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ady souvisely se zimn\u00edm slunovratem, byly tedy charakteristick\u00e9 i pro \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der. Ve\u010der usedli lid\u00e9 k hostin\u011b k bohat\u011b prost\u0159en\u00e9mu stolu, kter\u00e9mu tentokr\u00e1t dominovala tu\u010dn\u00e1 a masit\u00e1 j\u00eddla a tak\u00e9 =><\/span><\/strong><\/span>kol\u00e1\u010de<\/a><\/span><\/strong> a siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1poje. O p\u016flnoci v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech Polska farm\u00e1\u0159i zaklepali na \u00faly, aby probudili v\u010dely a \u0161li do pr\u00e1ce. Na dvorc\u00edch byl sp\u00e1len snop sl\u00e1my, symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed rozlou\u010den\u00ed s lo\u0148sk\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi a starostmi. Nav\u00edc na Nov\u00fd rok lid\u00e9 vst\u00e1vali velmi brzy r\u00e1no a podle zvyku se um\u00fdvali ve studen\u00e9 vod\u011b \u2013 v misce se st\u0159\u00edbrnou minc\u00ed na dn\u011b, aby si zajistili zdrav\u00ed a kr\u00e1su. Panovalo tak\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee pokud bude toho dne v dom\u011b prvn\u00edm hostem mu\u017e, bude cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, ale pokud se objev\u00ed \u017eena, na dom\u00e1cnost p\u0159ijdou jen ne\u00fasp\u011bchy a pot\u00ed\u017ee. Krom\u011b toho se usilovalo o to, aby na Nov\u00fd rok nebyla nouze o j\u00eddlo \u2013 na st\u016fl se kladl velk\u00fd neotev\u0159en\u00fd bochn\u00edk chleba, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zajistit hojnost a chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed hladem. V tento den, stejn\u011b jako po cel\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, obch\u00e1zeli domy koledn\u00edci, bavili hostitele vystoupen\u00edm, p\u00edsni\u010dkami a p\u0159\u00e1li jim zdrav\u00ed, prosperitu a hojnou \u00farodu. Jako vd\u011b\u010dnost jim byly nab\u00eddnuty dary a ob\u010derstven\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed novoro\u010dn\u00ed zvyky<\/b><\/h2>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti je nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho roku tr\u00e1ven\u00ed \u010dasu na silvestrovsk\u00e9m plese, tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bav\u011b nebo s p\u0159\u00e1teli na tzv. dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u00e1rty. O p\u016flnoci si p\u0159ip\u00edj\u00edme \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00fdm, p\u0159ejeme si a obdivujeme oh\u0148ostroj. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee tento styl hry m\u00e1 v Polsku pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou historii a stal se popul\u00e1rn\u00edm a\u017e na konci 19. stolet\u00ed a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jen ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a bohat\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cnostech. Na Silvestra se vych\u00e1zelo do ulic, byl hluk, sv\u00edtilo se, st\u0159\u00edlely petardy \u2013 stejn\u011b jako to, co se d\u011bje nyn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slu\u0161\u00ed se tak\u00e9 dodat, \u017ee v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho roku pro mnoho lid\u00ed dobrou motivac\u00ed k formulov\u00e1n\u00ed novoro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159edsevzet\u00ed \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce, kon\u00ed\u010dk\u016f a rodinn\u00fdch vztah\u016f. I kdy\u017e ne v\u0161echna jsou pozd\u011bji realizov\u00e1na, u\u017e samotn\u00fd akt vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00fdch p\u0159edsevzet\u00ed n\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit nov\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku a pozitivn\u011b n\u00e1s nalad\u00ed do dal\u0161\u00edho roku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Novoro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b><\/h2>\n

Neodmysliteln\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem spojen\u00fdm s novoro\u010dn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje jak ve starov\u011bk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch, tak v modern\u00ed dob\u011b, je zvyk p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. Velmi \u010dasto p\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed \u201edo siego rok\u201c, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze staropolsk\u00fdch dob. Tehdy se \u0159\u00edkalo u \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edho stolu a znamenalo p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se v\u0161ichni shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed mohli t\u011b\u0161it na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed rok ve stejn\u00e9 sestav\u011b. Postupem \u010dasu se tento zvyk vyvinul a nyn\u00ed na Silvestra a Nov\u00fd rok pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me vzorec \u201edo p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

A hlavn\u011b si p\u0159ejeme zdrav\u00ed, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, prosperitu, spln\u011bn\u00ed sn\u016f a a\u0165 je p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten p\u0159edchoz\u00ed - co\u017e tak\u00e9 p\u0159eje t\u00fdm Cukr\u00e1rny Jacek Placek v\u0161em na\u0161im mil\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160\u0165astn\u00fd nov\u00fd rok!<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015awi\u0119to Nowego Roku nale\u017cy do najwa\u017cniejszych wydarze\u0144 w kalendarzu i jego nadej\u015bcie jest obchodzone hucznie na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie. Jest to moment, kiedy sk\u0142adamy sobie nawzajem \u017cyczenia i bawimy si\u0119 na imprezach sylwestrowych. Jednak w tradycji polskiej przez d\u0142ugie lata Nowy Rok nie by\u0142 szczeg\u00f3lnie celebrowany, a jego \u015bwi\u0119towanie by\u0142o powi\u0105zane z okresem Bo\u017cego Narodzenia. Z […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":14975,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualnosci","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails","has-product-nav"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/129"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15326\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}