{"id":11973,"date":"2024-01-18T13:18:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T12:18:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/?p=11973"},"modified":"2024-01-18T13:18:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T12:18:19","slug":"masopustni-zabava-a-pochoutky-vcera-a-dnes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/masopustni-zabava-a-pochoutky-vcera-a-dnes\/","title":{"rendered":"Masopustn\u00ed hry a lah\u016fdky v\u010dera a dnes"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3na kon\u010d\u00ed T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f a n\u00e1sleduje karneval, kter\u00fd trv\u00e1 a\u017e do Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy. Od prad\u00e1vna je to doba velkolep\u00fdch ve\u010d\u00edrk\u016f, kost\u00fdmov\u00fdch ve\u010d\u00edrk\u016f, spole\u010densk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed, ale je to tak\u00e9 skv\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pochutin. Jak se slavil karneval ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Polsku a jak to d\u011bl\u00e1me dnes? Jak\u00e9 lah\u016fdky byly na stolech v minulosti a co p\u0159ipravujeme nyn\u00ed? Odpov\u011bdi na tyto ot\u00e1zky najdete v na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co znamen\u00e1 karneval a odkud tato tradice poch\u00e1z\u00ed?<\/b><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tky karnevalu sahaj\u00ed do starov\u011bku, kdy se boh\u016fm \u00farody v\u011bnovalo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a na jejich po\u010dest se po\u0159\u00e1daly hry a tance. Tento zvyk p\u0159etrval po stalet\u00ed. Opravdov\u00fdm rozkv\u011btem karnevalu v Evrop\u011b se v\u0161ak stal a\u017e st\u0159edov\u011bk a nejhlasit\u011bji se slavil v It\u00e1lii, kde se rozvinula i jeho modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podoba. Samotn\u00fd n\u00e1zev \u201ekarneval\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latiny a v ital\u0161tin\u011b je zachov\u00e1n jako <\/span>karnevalu<\/span><\/i>, doslova znamen\u00e1: maso (<\/span>carne<\/span><\/i>) Ahoj (<\/span>\u00fadol\u00ed<\/span><\/i>). D\u016fvodem k oslav\u011b byla proto mo\u017enost j\u00edst maso p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem postn\u00ed doby, kdy ji\u017e takov\u00e1 j\u00eddla nebyla povolena. Ve star\u00e9 polsk\u00e9 nomenklatu\u0159e existovaly v\u00fdrazy \u201eZapusty\u201c nebo \u201esi\u0119sopusty\u201c, kter\u00e9 podobn\u011b ozna\u010dovaly specifick\u00fd \u00fa\u010del z\u00e1bavy a hodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se v minulosti slavil karneval v Polsku?<\/b><\/h2>\n

V d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch byl karneval dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm a hlasit\u011b oslavovan\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. Dlouh\u00e9 zimn\u00ed ve\u010dery byly p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pro setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, hodov\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch z\u00e1bav. Lid\u00e9 se bavili na vesnic\u00edch, ve m\u011bstech i na panstv\u00edch a v\u0161ude panovala radostn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra a bylo dovoleno v\u00edce z\u00e1bavy ne\u017e v jin\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

J\u00edzdy na san\u00edch, kter\u00e9 trvaly a\u017e n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, byly v t\u00e9 dob\u011b mezi \u0161lechtou a \u0161lechtou velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9. Lid\u00e9 za doprovodu hudebn\u00edk\u016f jezdili na san\u00edch od pansk\u00e9ho s\u00eddla k pansk\u00e9mu dvoru, aby se spole\u010dn\u011b bavili, tan\u010dili, jedli a pili. Dal\u0161\u00ed formou z\u00e1bavy pro bohat\u00e9 byly kost\u00fdmy a plesy masek, kter\u00e9 si postupem \u010dasu obl\u00edbili i obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bst. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Var\u0161av\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed tzv reduty, tedy maskovan\u00e9 koule podle italsk\u00e9ho vzoru. Italsk\u00fd chlap\u00edk je zorganizoval ve sv\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch. D\u00edky povinn\u00fdm mask\u00e1m si v\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci mohli mezi sebou voln\u011b hr\u00e1t, bez rozd\u00edlu mezi soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vrstvami nebo profesn\u00edmi skupinami.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 na vesnic\u00edch byl masopust \u010dasem tanc\u016f, hod\u016f a obecn\u00fdch zh\u00fdralost\u00ed, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fdch r\u016fzn\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly a zvyky. Na stoly se pod\u00e1valo maso a alkohol a sousedsk\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159. na trh\u00e1n\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed, se prom\u011bnila v tane\u010dn\u00ed hry za doprovodu vesnick\u00fdch muzikant\u016f. K masopustn\u00edm tradic\u00edm pat\u0159ily pr\u016fvody koledn\u00edk\u016f od\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jako zv\u00ed\u0159ata a tzv makakov\u00e9, z nich\u017e nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byli zub\u0159i. Krojovan\u00ed chodili d\u016fm od domu a \u017e\u00e1dali o dary nebo ob\u010derstven\u00ed. N\u011bkdy takov\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy kon\u010dily z\u00e1bavou a dlouh\u00fdm hodov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za zm\u00ednku tak\u00e9 stoj\u00ed, \u017ee ve star\u00e9m Polsku se nejhlasit\u011bji slavily posledn\u00ed dny masopustu, t. j. t. zv. Masopustn\u00ed \u00fater\u00fd, kter\u00e9 trvalo od Tu\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtka do \u00fater\u00fd o p\u016flnoci p\u0159ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou. Tenkr\u00e1t radov\u00e1nk\u00e1m, ob\u017eerstv\u00ed a pit\u00ed nebralo konce \u2013 lid\u00e9 cht\u011bli j\u00edst a bavit se \u201edo z\u00e1soby\u201c, proto\u017ee se chystal p\u016fst. Jeho p\u0159\u00edchod byl symbolizov\u00e1n t\u00edm, \u017ee na konci ve\u010d\u00edrku p\u0159inesli kostru sled\u011b a posypali popel na pr\u00e1h domu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak slav\u00edme karneval dnes?<\/b><\/h2>\n

V Polsku si dnes ji\u017e masopust nespojujeme s tak velkolep\u00fdmi oslavami, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1valy na pansk\u00fdch dvorech, hostinc\u00edch \u010di vesnick\u00fdch chalup\u00e1ch, a mnoho masopustn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f a zvyk\u016f prost\u011b nezn\u00e1me. Obdob\u00ed karnevalu je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le vhodnou dobou pro po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch akc\u00ed, tane\u010dn\u00edch a kost\u00fdmn\u00edch z\u00e1bav, zejm\u00e9na pro d\u011bti. A tu\u010dn\u00fd \u010dtvrtek je po\u0159\u00e1d den, kdy se beztrestn\u011b poj\u00eddaj\u00ed koblihy a jin\u00e9 sladkosti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V mnoha m\u011bstech a regionech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se v\u0161ak karneval st\u00e1le slav\u00ed jako velk\u00e1 oslava radosti, z\u00e1bavy, tance a ma\u0161kar. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed karnevalov\u00fd pr\u016fvod se kon\u00e1 v Rio de Janeiru. Ulice m\u011bsta se na 5 dn\u00ed a 5 noc\u00ed prom\u011bn\u00ed v obrovskou tane\u010dn\u00ed pod\u00edvanou, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 mezi sebou sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00edci z jednotliv\u00fdch \u0161kol brazilsk\u00e9 samby. Dal\u0161\u00edm m\u011bstem proslul\u00fdm kontinuitou karnevalov\u00fdch tradic jsou Ben\u00e1tky. Zde je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hry maska, kterou mus\u00ed m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk na sob\u011b a p\u0159evz\u00edt prozat\u00edm roli konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed postavy. Karneval se nav\u00edc st\u00e1le slav\u00ed na Tenerife, v D\u00e1nsku, Kanad\u011b a New Orleans.<\/span><\/p>\n

Karnevalov\u00e9 pochoutky minul\u00e9 i sou\u010dasn\u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Jak jsme ji\u017e psali d\u0159\u00edve, masopust byl odjak\u017eiva spojen s hojnost\u00ed j\u00eddla, \u010demu\u017e napov\u00edd\u00e1 i jeho n\u00e1zev. Tradi\u010dn\u011b se jedlo hlavn\u011b maso a tu\u010dn\u00e1 j\u00eddla, aby se s nimi pak v postn\u00ed dob\u011b rozlou\u010dili. Na stoly byly um\u00edst\u011bny klob\u00e1sy, \u0161unky, pa\u0161tiky, pokrmy ze zv\u011b\u0159iny, ryby a bigos. Nechyb\u011bly ani r\u016fzn\u00e9 sladkosti: => <\/strong><\/span><\/span>kol\u00e1\u010de<\/a><\/strong><\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> kol\u00e1\u010de, pern\u00edk, ovoce v medu v\u010detn\u011b tu\u010dn\u00fdch pala\u010dinek, bliny, faworki a koblihy \u2013 kter\u00fdm se d\u0159\u00edve \u0159\u00edkalo chrust a pampuchy. Hody nav\u00edc musely b\u00fdt napln\u011bny velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm alkoholu. Dominantn\u00edmi n\u00e1poji bylo pivo, v\u00edno a medovina.<\/span><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti tradice masopustn\u00edch pochoutek p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v oslav\u011b tu\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtku. Tehdy se pupeny objevuj\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, \u0161kol a pracovi\u0161\u0165 => <\/strong><\/span><\/span>cukr\u00e1rny<\/a><\/strong><\/span> nab\u00edzej\u00ed je s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1pln\u011bmi. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed sladk\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00e9 v tento den pat\u0159\u00ed faworki, koblihy, rozety a hn\u00edzda (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 koblihy).<\/span><\/p>\n

Obdob\u00ed karnevalu je nav\u00edc skv\u011blou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak sn\u00edst nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sladkosti a nab\u00eddnout je host\u016fm. Doporu\u010dujeme V\u00e1m sezn\u00e1mit se s nab\u00eddkou Cukr\u00e1rny Jacek Placek a objednat si na\u0161e pe\u010divo. N\u00e1\u0161 sortiment obsahuje mnoho produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro karnevalov\u00e9 akce - => <\/span><\/strong><\/span>tvarohov\u00e9 kol\u00e1\u010de<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, k\u0159ehk\u00e9 su\u0161enky, kr\u00e9mov\u00e9 dorty, => <\/span><\/strong><\/span>kol\u00e1\u010de<\/a><\/span><\/strong> v r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edchut\u00edch a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1vrz\u00edch, mezi kter\u00fdmi si jist\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd najde to sv\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okres Bo\u017cego Narodzenia ko\u0144czy si\u0119 w dniu \u015bwi\u0119ta Trzech Kr\u00f3li, a po nim nadchodzi karnawa\u0142, kt\u00f3ry trwa do \u015brody popielcowej. Od dawnych lat jest to czas hucznych zabaw, bal\u00f3w przebiera\u0144c\u00f3w, spotka\u0144 towarzyskich, ale tak\u017ce jest to znakomita okazja do objadania si\u0119 przer\u00f3\u017cnymi smako\u0142ykami. Jak obchodzono karnawa\u0142 w dawnej Polsce, a jak robimy to teraz? Jakie […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":11515,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualnosci","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails","has-product-nav"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/129"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11973\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}