{"id":11853,"date":"2024-01-03T14:02:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T13:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/?p=11853"},"modified":"2024-01-03T14:06:37","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T13:06:37","slug":"co-znamena-epiphany-staroveke-a-soucasne-zvyky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/co-znamena-epiphany-staroveke-a-soucasne-zvyky\/","title":{"rendered":"Co znamen\u00e1 Epiphany? \u2013 starov\u011bk\u00e9 a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zvyky"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u011bhem V\u00e1noc m\u00e1me dal\u0161\u00ed velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b, b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Epiphany. V sou\u010dasnosti je 6. leden krom\u011b pracovn\u00edho volna nav\u00edc spojen p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s c\u00edrkevn\u00ed slavnost\u00ed a ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let tak\u00e9 s akc\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1danou v mnoha m\u011bstech Polska - T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fdm pr\u016fvodem. V d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch byl v\u0161ak tento den spojen s mnoha tradicemi a star\u00fdmi polsk\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly. Seznamte se s minul\u00fdmi a sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi zvyky oslavy Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Epiphany - jak\u00fd je to sv\u00e1tek?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli v\u00fd\u0161e, Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b je neodmysliteln\u011b spjato s V\u00e1nocemi a v prvn\u00edch stolet\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed se slavilo ve stejn\u00fd den, tedy 6. ledna. Tato tradice p\u0159e\u017eila v pravoslavn\u00fdch c\u00edrkv\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A kdo byli T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9? \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim tak\u00e9 mudrci z v\u00fdchodu a kouzeln\u00edci a jmenuj\u00ed se: Casper, Melchior a Balthazar. Podle evangelia sv. Matou\u0161, panovn\u00edci veden\u00ed hv\u011bzdou se vydali na dlouhou cestu, aby vzdali hold novorozen\u00e9mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi a nab\u00eddli mu kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 dary: zlato, myrhu a kadidlo. Na pam\u00e1tku t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti se v den T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f v kostelech \u017eehn\u00e1 k\u0159\u00edda a kadidlo, kter\u00e9 si pak v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do sv\u00fdch domov\u016f. Touto posv\u011bcenou k\u0159\u00eddou pak nap\u00ed\u0161ou na vstupn\u00ed dve\u0159e symboly K+M+B (prvn\u00ed p\u00edsmena jmen kr\u00e1l\u016f) nebo C+M+B (latinsk\u00e1 zkratka: Kristus \u017eehnej tomuto domu).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se v minulosti slavilo Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Polsku byl Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b slavnostn\u00edm dnem, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho se lid\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvovali, nab\u00edzeli si j\u00eddlo a d\u00e1vali si drobn\u00e9 d\u00e1rky. Ji\u017e v p\u0159edve\u010der tohoto sv\u00e1tku se konal ritu\u00e1l uha\u0161en\u00ed star\u00e9ho ohn\u011b v krbu, aby se druh\u00fd den zap\u00e1lil nov\u00fd plamen, \u010dasto vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z kosteln\u00edch sv\u00ed\u010dek. Od t\u00e9 doby bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et do domu jak\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd ohe\u0148, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee takov\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed obyvatel\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Epiphany Eve byl tak\u00e9 dnem, kdy mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky obch\u00e1zely domy, kde bydlely potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kandid\u00e1tky na man\u017eela, a zp\u00edvaly sv\u00fdm hostitel\u016fm v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed koledy. Za to v\u0161ak nevzali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dary. Pot\u00e9 se v\u0161ichni obyvatel\u00e9 vesnice se\u0161li na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, aby si spole\u010dn\u011b zazp\u00edvali a oslavili nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159eji \u0161t\u011bdr\u00fd den<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvalo \u0161t\u011bdr\u00fdm dnem, kdy se lid\u00e9 obdarov\u00e1vali a hospodyn\u011b pekly zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed chl\u00e9b, tzv. szczodraki, nab\u00eddnout jej p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm host\u016fm. Obl\u00edben\u00fd byl i zvyk chodit na szczodrakas,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

t. j. n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy dom\u016f d\u011btmi a koledn\u00edky, tak\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00fdmi jako T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. V\u00fdm\u011bnou za p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed pro hostitele, zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed koled nebo hran\u00ed sc\u00e9nek z betl\u00e9m\u016f dostali n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci ob\u010derstven\u00ed a drobn\u00e9 dary. Obecn\u011b se v tento den nikdo ne\u0161et\u0159il j\u00eddlem a d\u00e1rky, co\u017e m\u011blo i odkaz na d\u00e1rky, kter\u00e9 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi nab\u00edzeli T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. U soud\u016f dost\u00e1vali sluhov\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed odm\u011bny a v\u0161echny d\u011bti dost\u00e1valy \u010derven\u00e1 jablka a o\u0159echy, kter\u00e9 jim m\u011bly d\u00e1t zdrav\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e a siln\u00e9 zuby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mandlov\u00fd kr\u00e1l<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ve staropolsk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch se ke Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b vztahoval je\u0161t\u011b jeden zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zvyk, nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve m\u011bstech a dvorsk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch. Byla to hra na mandlov\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku byla v jednom ze su\u0161enek nebo pern\u00ed\u010dk\u016f ukryta mandle, aby si je pak mu\u017ei mohli nakreslit. Kdo dostal dort s n\u00e1pln\u00ed, stal se mandlov\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem. Stejn\u00e9 pravidlo hry platilo i pro \u017eeny. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem byl vybr\u00e1n mandlov\u00fd p\u00e1r, kter\u00fd usedl na \u010destn\u00e9 m\u00edsto u stolu a dostal ceny. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak po celou dobu za\u010d\u00e1tku karnevalu byli kr\u00e1l a kr\u00e1lovna povinni vykon\u00e1vat svou vl\u00e1du, a proto organizovat z\u00e1bavu pro obyvatele a hosty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak dnes slav\u00edme Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b?<\/b><\/h2>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v Polsku nep\u011bstujeme tolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch tradic a zvyk\u016f, jak\u00e9 se kdysi dodr\u017eovaly u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f na vesnic\u00edch a ve m\u011bstech. Zde stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee v d\u016fsledku jedn\u00e1n\u00ed komunistick\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f po dobu 50 let ji\u017e 6. leden nebyl sv\u00e1tkem a dnem pracovn\u00edho klidu. V roce 2011 se j\u00edm op\u011bt stal.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se nevrac\u00edme ke star\u00fdm tradic\u00edm slaven\u00ed Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b v Polsku, m\u016f\u017eeme jist\u011b p\u0159iznat, \u017ee se vyvinul nov\u00fd zvyk slavit tento sv\u00e1tek, tedy \u00fa\u010dast na t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9m pr\u016fvodu. V mnoha m\u011bstech v zemi a po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b je organizov\u00e1n pouli\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fvod d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u011bl\u00fdch oble\u010den\u00fdch jako postavy z betl\u00e9mov\u00fdch her, v\u010detn\u011b: and\u011bl\u00e9, past\u00fd\u0159i, kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci pr\u016fvodu si na hlavu nasadili pap\u00edrov\u00e9 koruny. T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fd pr\u016fvod je obrovsk\u00e1 akce, kter\u00e9 se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed n\u011bkolik milion\u016f Pol\u00e1k\u016f a k t\u00e9to iniciativ\u011b se p\u0159ipojuje st\u00e1le v\u00edce nov\u00fdch m\u011bst a po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 obyvatele pouli\u010dn\u00ed betl\u00e9my.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Jacek PLacek<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

W okresie Bo\u017cego Narodzenia mamy jeszcze drugie bardzo wa\u017cne \u015bwi\u0119to tj. Objawienia Pa\u0144skiego, powszechnie znane jako Trzech Kr\u00f3li. Obecnie 6 stycznia, poza dodatkowym dniem wolnym od pracy, kojarzy nam si\u0119 przede wszystkim z uroczysto\u015bci\u0105 ko\u015bcieln\u0105, a od kilku lat tak\u017ce z organizowanym w wielu miastach w Polsce wydarzeniem \u2013 orszak trzech kr\u00f3li. Jednak w dawnych […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":11341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualnosci","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails","has-product-nav"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/129"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11853\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}