{"id":11800,"date":"2023-12-21T09:41:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-21T08:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/?p=11800"},"modified":"2023-12-21T09:41:35","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T08:41:35","slug":"vanocni-tradice-v-polsku-nejdulezitejsi-zvyky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/vanocni-tradice-v-polsku-nejdulezitejsi-zvyky\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed tradice v Polsku \u2013 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvyky"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1noce jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm obdob\u00edm, na kter\u00e9 se mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s cel\u00fd rok t\u011b\u0161\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak d\u011bti. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm kouzlem V\u00e1noc jsou pro n\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u00e1rky, strome\u010dek a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed se zase soust\u0159ed\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e na p\u0159\u00edpravy, p\u0159\u00edpravu vhodn\u00fdch pokrm\u016f, v\u00fdzdobu bytu nebo dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 znaj\u00ed z d\u011btstv\u00ed. Kter\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed tradice jsou v polsk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech st\u00e1le nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a kter\u00e9 se staly minulost\u00ed? V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si pov\u00edme o nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z nich.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed tradice a symboly<\/b><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Rozbit\u00ed oplatky<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der je vrcholem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch oslav a v\u011bt\u0161ina ritu\u00e1l\u016f a zvyk\u016f je p\u0159i\u0159azena k tomuto dni. I kdy\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 rodina m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed zvyky a praktiky, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad zdoben\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho strome\u010dku nebo rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1rk\u016f, v polsk\u00e9 tradici je v tento ve\u010der nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011blit se o oplatku s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto gesto m\u00e1 symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam \u2013 slou\u017e\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, n\u011bkdy mu p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed modlitba nebo \u010dten\u00ed \u00faryvku evangelia. Teprve potom v\u0161ichni shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bni usedaj\u00ed ke \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i. Nav\u00edc mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tma, kdy\u017e sv\u00edt\u00ed prvn\u00ed hv\u011bzda na obloze.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed st\u016fl a 12 j\u00eddel<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed st\u016fl je p\u0159ikryt b\u00edl\u00fdm ubrusem a pod n\u011bj je polo\u017eeno seno symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed chudobu, do kter\u00e9 se Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 narodil. Tento zvyk se st\u00e1le p\u011bstuje v mnoha dom\u00e1cnostech, ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 od tohoto klasick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu ustupuj\u00ed a vol\u00ed modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aran\u017em\u00e1 na \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed st\u016fl.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm polsk\u00fdm zvykem je p\u0159\u00edprava tradi\u010dn\u00edch bezmas\u00fdch \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edch pokrm\u016f, kter\u00fdch je nejm\u00e9n\u011b 12 \u2013 co\u017e je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b symbol 12 apo\u0161tol\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 jedl posledn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i. Nav\u00edc podle zvyku mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ka\u017ed\u00e9 j\u00eddlo alespo\u0148 ochutnano.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kter\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed j\u00eddla jsou na na\u0161ich stolech nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? Mezi n\u011b ur\u010dit\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed \u010derven\u00fd bor\u0161\u010d s knedl\u00edkem, kapr, sle\u010f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch, <\/span>knedl\u00edky se zel\u00edm a houbami<\/span><\/a>, su\u0161en\u00fd kompot, placi\u010dky, t\u011bstoviny s m\u00e1kem a tak\u00e9 <\/span>v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed dorty<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e je \u0159e\u010d o \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edm stole, stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku zvyk um\u00edstit dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 prost\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto je symbolick\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho, kter\u00fd je pozv\u00e1n na spole\u010dnou ve\u010de\u0159i. Toto gesto znamen\u00e1 pohostinnost a otev\u0159enost domu ostatn\u00edm lidem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdoben\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho stromku<\/b><\/h2>\n

Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit V\u00e1noce bez v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho stromku, kter\u00fd nechyb\u00ed jen v na\u0161ich dom\u00e1cnostech, ale tak\u00e9 v obchodech, \u0161kol\u00e1ch a \u00fa\u0159adech. Obvykle ho zdob\u00edme cetky, \u0159et\u011bzy a sv\u011bt\u00fdlky, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch je zvykem vyr\u00e1b\u011bt si ozdoby sami z pap\u00edru a hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho pap\u00edru, stejn\u011b jako z pern\u00edku a ovoce - stejn\u011b jako za star\u00fdch \u010das\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V polsk\u00e9 tradici, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed objeven\u00edm klasick\u00e9ho v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho stromku, byly pokoje zdobeny pod\u0142a\u017anicou, tedy \u0159ezan\u00fdm vrcholem smrku nebo borovice. Nav\u00edc se po ozdoben\u00ed jabl\u00ed\u010dky, o\u0159echy a dal\u0161\u00edmi dekoracemi z hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho pap\u00edru nebo sl\u00e1my v\u011b\u0161el ze stropu hlavou dol\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rky<\/b><\/h2>\n

Zvyk obdarov\u00e1vat se k V\u00e1noc\u016fm neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed \u2013 o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed ho p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ti nejmen\u0161\u00ed. V Polsku je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prax\u00ed nech\u00e1vat d\u00e1rky pod strome\u010dkem, kde si ka\u017ed\u00fd najde d\u00e1rek pro sebe. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed se bal\u00ed\u010dky vybaluj\u00ed ve stejn\u00fd den, t\u011bsn\u011b po \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i. Pokud jsou v rodin\u011b mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, d\u00e1rky nos\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek, podle tradice rodi\u010d\u016f. N\u011bkdy to d\u011bl\u00e1 jen v noci, tak\u017ee v takov\u00e9 situaci sh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den r\u00e1no d\u00e1rky pod strome\u010dek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed tradice rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1rk\u016f na V\u00e1noce? Souvis\u00ed s dary, kter\u00e9 mudrci z v\u00fdchodu p\u0159inesli Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovi. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch proto d\u011bti dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00e1rky a\u017e 6. ledna, tedy Epiphany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Staropolsk\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed zvyky<\/b><\/h2>\n

Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdch tradic, kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1le p\u011bstuj\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b polsk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, existuje mnoho zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e byly zapomenuty. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se jednalo o lidov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly, praktikovan\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na vesnic\u00edch. St\u00e1le existuje obl\u00edben\u00e9 r\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den mohou zv\u00ed\u0159ata mluvit lidsk\u00fdmi hlasy. Podle star\u00fdch zvyk\u016f to v\u0161ak byla hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 byla krmena zbytky od ve\u010de\u0159e spolu s rozdrcen\u00fdm oplatkem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V minulosti lid\u00e9 p\u0159ikl\u00e1dali velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam tomu, co se bude d\u00edt na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den. Jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed se \u0159\u00eddilo p\u0159\u00edslov\u00edm - "Jak \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der, tak po cel\u00fd rok." Proto se od r\u00e1na sna\u017eili zajistit blahobyt sob\u011b i sv\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti. D\u011bti byly napomenuty, aby byly hodn\u00e9, co\u017e jim bude dob\u0159e slou\u017eit po cel\u00fd rok. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 tak\u00e9 bylo, kdo na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed chalupu jako prvn\u00ed - mu\u017e nebo \u017eena. Pokud to ud\u011blal mu\u017e, bylo to pozitivn\u00ed znamen\u00ed, ale pokud to byla \u017eena, tak bohu\u017eel ne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Velmi obl\u00edben\u00fd byl i dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fd zvyk zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed koled. I kdy\u017e te\u010f to m\u00e1 jin\u00fd rozm\u011br ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edv. T\u011bsn\u011b po V\u00e1noc\u00edch se po vesnici potulovala skupinka koledn\u00edk\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch postavi\u010dk\u00e1ch, nap\u0159. zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tka, kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 nebo and\u011bl\u00e9. Chodili s betl\u00e9mskou hv\u011bzdou, hlavou \u017eelvy nebo jin\u00fdmi ma\u0161kar\u00e1dami. Chodili do dom\u016f, zp\u00edvali, hr\u00e1li v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9nky, vyjad\u0159ovali p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed hostitel\u016fm a na opl\u00e1tku \u017e\u00e1dali o p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, tedy o koledu. Nej\u010dast\u011bji dost\u00e1vali drobn\u00e9 pen\u00edze a v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed j\u00eddlo.<\/span><\/p>\n

U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch se V\u00e1noc v\u00e1m jm\u00e9nem cel\u00e9ho na\u0161eho t\u00fdmu v Cukiernia Jacek Placek p\u0159ejeme v\u0159el\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed: zdrav\u00ed, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, klid, radost ze setk\u00e1n\u00ed s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi, kr\u00e1sn\u00fd v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed strome\u010dek a vysn\u011bn\u00e9 d\u00e1rky! A co v\u00edc, vychutnejte si to nejchutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pe\u010divo na sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stole! Vesel\u00e9 V\u00e1noce!<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015awi\u0119ta Bo\u017cego Narodzenia to wyj\u0105tkowy czas, na kt\u00f3ry wielu z nas czeka przez ca\u0142y rok, a szczeg\u00f3lnie dzieci. Oczywi\u015bcie dla nich najwi\u0119kszym urokiem \u015awi\u0105t s\u0105 prezenty, choinka i Miko\u0142aj. Doro\u015bli za\u015b bardziej skupiaj\u0105 si\u0119 na przygotowaniach, przyrz\u0105dzeniu odpowiednich potraw, wystroju mieszkania czy zachowaniu \u015bwi\u0105tecznych zwyczaj\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re znaj\u0105 ze swojego dzieci\u0144stwa. Kt\u00f3re tradycje bo\u017conarodzeniowe s\u0105 wci\u0105\u017c […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":129,"featured_media":8037,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualnosci","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails","has-product-nav"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/129"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11800\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jacekplacek.com.pl\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}